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The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”) recently signaled its approval for banks to fully wade into the cryptocurrency custodian space.  On in a July 22, 2020 interpretive letter, the OCC concluded that a national bank may provide cryptocurrency custody services on behalf of its customers, including by holding the unique cryptographic keys associated with cryptocurrency, so long as the institution is able to effectively manage the risks and complies with applicable law.
Continue Reading Office of the Comptroller of the Currency Affirms Authority of a National Bank to Provide Cryptocurrency Custody Services

Last week we reported that FinCEN had issued new guidance addressing cryptocurrency and other convertible virtual currency. The need for compliance was reinforced this week. In a speech by Sigal Mandelker, Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence, during blockchain week in NY, a stern warning was issued. The message was clear. Regulatory compliance is not an option and you must do it right from the start – not just after you got a call from regulators or law enforcement.
Continue Reading FinCEN – We Will Identify Where Compliance Is Not Taking Place And Take Appropriate Action

FinCEN has issued  2 new guidance documents addressing cryptocurrency and other convertible virtual currency (CVC). The guidance does not establish any new regulatory expectations. Rather, it consolidates current FinCEN regulations, guidance and administrative rulings that relate to money transmission involving virtual currency, and applies the same interpretive criteria to other common business models involving CVC. FinCEN’s rules define certain businesses or individuals involved with CVCs as money transmitters subject to the same registration requirements and a range of anti-money laundering, program, recordkeeping, and reporting responsibilities as other money services businesses. It also warns of threats posed by virtual currency misuse.
Continue Reading FinCEN Updates Guidance on Crypto

The use of digital securities or security tokens has coincided with the explosion of crypto-currencies and efforts to establish Internet-traded coins or tokens with utility as a form of currency. Lost amidst the enthusiasm over the revolutionary implications of crypto-currencies is the simple fact that security tokens which use block-chain technology and smart contracts have significant advantages over traditional platforms for issuing, holding and trading securities. …
Continue Reading Security Tokens — A Superior Platform for Securities Holding and Trading

Much uncertainty exists throughout the world on the legality and legal classification of crypto tokens. In the United States, Ripple was sued recently for allegedly selling unregistered tokens (XRP) in a violation of U.S. securities laws.  The US SEC and CFTC have held hearings and are assessing whether to classify certain tokens as securities and/or commodities. Both agencies have issued guidance on this (see, for example SEC and CFTC), but many issues remain.

Some industry experts have commented on the classification of three of the biggest tokens- bitcoin, ether and ripple. Many believe bitcoin and ether are not a security. However, debates exist as to whether ether or ripple are. Over 1500 crypto tokens exist, each with a different set of characteristics, function and purpose. The SEC has said most tokens are likely securities under the Howey Test.
Continue Reading How Crypto Token Function and Transferability Could Impact Classification as a Security