From pet grooming services paid with currencies backed by aggregated gift cards to coffee shops in Palo Alto and San Francisco that accept digital currencies for a latte, many Californians are completing everyday transactions with digital currencies.  Community currencies (such as currencies “created by members of a community in conjunction with merchants who agree to accept the alternative currency”[1]) are seeing some popularity in Sonoma County, Humboldt County, and other areas of Northern California.  Many video games continue to facilitate in-game and other purchases using alternative currencies.

The payments and video game industries have recognized, however, that quite often law moves more slowly than technology.  In support of continuing the proliferation of alternative currencies,  California Assembly Bill 129 (the “Alternative Currencies Act”) became effective on January 1, 2015.  The Alternative Currencies Act loosens existing prohibitions on use of currencies other than the lawful money of the United States by repealing Section 107 of California Corporations Code.[2]Continue Reading California Repeals Prohibition on Use of Alternative Currencies

On March 25, 2014 the IRS issued Notice 2014-21, which describes how the IRS will interpret existing general tax principles to apply to transactions using “virtual currencies” such as Bitcoin. This Notice is the most recent in a line of similar regulatory pronouncements issued by several governmental actors such as the Government Accountability Office’s report in May of last year and the Treasury Department’s Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) Guidance memorandum issued March 18, 2013.
Continue Reading IRS Says Bitcoin Isn’t Money

Last week’s arrests[1] of Robert Faiella, an alleged seller on online marketplace Silk Road, and Charlie Shrem, the CEO of the startup BitInstant, marked a recent round in a series of law enforcement actions against what the government characterizes as a “rise in criminal activity”[2] by people using the cryptographically-controlled digital currency, Bitcoin.[3] The arrests of Shrem and Faiella occurred nearly contemporaneously with hearings by the New York Department of Financial Services to determine how to regulate Bitcoin in the State of New York. More than one source has suggested the timing of the arrests may have cast at least some cloud on the New York hearings on regulation of Bitcoin.
Continue Reading Bitcoins and Liability in the Wake of Recent Silk Road Arrests